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Pind Daan Puja is a very important Hindu ritual performed to honor and provide peace to the departed ancestors, to facilitate their spiritual journey and to liberate them from the cycle of birth and death. Pind Daan is performed at holy places like Gaya, Haridwar, Kashi, Badrinath, Prayag and Rishikesh, usually on auspicious days like Pitru Paksha, Krishna Paksha, Amavasya or according to Moksha dates by family traditions.
Pind Daan Puja: It is a sacred worship ritual for the peace and salvation of ancestors,
In Hinduism, just like the sixteen rites of life, there are some very important rites after death. The most important of these is Pind Daan. Pind Daan Puja is such a spiritual and religious ritual, which aims to provide peace to the soul of the dead ancestors (Pitras) and to make them attain salvation. It is not just a custom, but is considered a helpful step in the duty of a son (Pitru Rin) and the eternal journey of the soul.
Meaning and Importance of Pind Daan
In the literal sense, 'pind' means 'spherical portion' or 'body' and 'daan' means 'to give'. Thus, pind daan simply means donating pindas. These pindas are usually made by mixing rice flour (milled rice), barley flour, cow milk, ghee, honey and sesame seeds.
According to the belief, after the death of a human being, his body gets destroyed, but the soul remains immortal. This soul has to take on a subtle body (phantom body) until it gets a new body (i.e., until rebirth). Through pind daan, these pindas offered by the living descendants provide nourishment and stability to this subtle body. This satisfies the soul of the ancestors and helps their departed soul to move towards salvation.
The importance of pind daan has been elaborated in detail in Garuda Purana, Agni Purana and other Hindu scriptures. It is believed that if Pind Daan is not performed after the death of a person with proper rituals, then his soul keeps wandering and he is not able to attain Moksha. As a result, the Pitris may be unhappy and there may be unrest, financial problems, and unnecessary hardships in the family.
1. Immediately after death (during funeral rites): After death, the rituals are performed for 13 days as a part of the funeral rites. Pind Daan is performed every day during these 13 days. On the thirteenth day, a big and elaborate ritual (Terahvin or Kriya) takes place in which Pind Daan is performed.
2. Annual Shraadh (Pitru Paksha): Every year, the 16 days from the full moon of the month of Bhadrapad to the new moon of the month of Ashwin are known as 'Pitru Paksha' or 'Shraadh Paksha'. During this time, the Shraadh and Pind Daan of the person is performed on the date of his death (as per Moksha). This time is considered to be the most auspicious time to connect with the ancestors and offer tarpan to them.
3. Special occasions: Sometimes, if one sees ancestors in dreams or sees them hungry, suffering, or there is continuous misfortune in the family, then it is believed that the ancestors are unhappy. In such a case, it is specially recommended to offer pind daan for their peace.
1. The souls of ancestors do not get peace.
2. The souls remain in a state of wandering.
3. The effect of Pitra Dosha increases on the lineage.
4. There are frequent obstacles in the family.
5. There may be a decrease in the happiness of children.
6. There are obstacles in business and job.
7. There is strife and unrest in the house.
8. There may be an increase in diseases.
9. There is a possibility of premature death.
10. The prosperity of the house gradually gets destroyed.
11. There are obstacles in marriage.
12. The progress of the family stops.
13. The blessings of ancestors are not received.
14. The benefits of the virtues of ancestors get reduced.
15. There is an effect of infamy on the family.
16. Religious works are not accomplished.
17. The person experiences mental unrest.
18. Unwanted troubles come again and again.
Method of Pind Daan
Pind Daan is a complex ritual that should be performed only under the supervision of a qualified Brahmin or Pandit,
· Before the ritual, the person should be pure. One should take a bath and wear clean clothes or white clothes.
· Kusha (a special type of grass) is laid as a seat for the ancestors.
· First, the person who is giving the Pind Daan (called the Karta) takes a Sankalp. He tells his name, Gotra, and the name Gotra of the Pitra for whom the Pind Daan is being given.
· Tarpan: After this, water, flowers, black sesame seeds and rice are taken in the hand and offered to the ancestors (Tarpan). This is a symbolic way to satisfy the ancestors.
· Pind making: Rice flour is mixed with milk, ghee and honey and needed. Round balls are made from this mixture. Usually, three to six pindas are made, which are for the ancestors of different generations (such as father, grandfather, great grandfather).
· Pind offering: These pindas are placed on a kusha seat. While offering each pinda, the name and gotra of the ancestor is pronounced. Also, blessings and forgiveness are sought from them.
· Immersion of pindas: After the puja and chanting of mantras, these pindas are immersed in the holy river Ganga, a lake or any water source. In some traditions, they are also fed to a cow, dog or crow, as it is believed that these creatures consume it as representatives of the ancestors.
Sacred places for pinda daan
Although pinda daan can be done anywhere, some places have been considered extremely auspicious and fruitful for it. Pind daan done at these places is considered more effective and liberating:
1. Gaya, Bihar: Gaya is the most important and primary pilgrimage site for Pind daan. It is believed that Pind daan done on the banks of the Falgu river in front of the footprints of Lord Vishnu (Vishnupada Temple) reaches the ancestors directly and grants them salvation. Here, Pind daan is done by specially trained pandits for Pitru daan.
2. Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh: Pind daan has special significance at Triveni Sangam (confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati). During Pitru Paksha, lakhs of people come here to offer Pind daan.
3. Haridwar, Uttarakhand: Pind daan is done in this holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganga. Har ki Pauri, Narayan Shila, Pretshila, Ganga Ghat and Adi Ghat are the main places for this.
4. Kashi (Varanasi), Uttar Pradesh: Pind daan in Kashi, the city of salvation, is also considered extremely virtuous.
5. Badrinath, Uttarakhand: Pind daan has a special significance in this Dham situated in the lap of Himalayas.
Pind daan puja is a symbol of the deep and scientific thinking of Hindu culture, which believes in life after death and immortality of the soul. It is a means that builds a spiritual bridge between the living and the dead. It is not just a religious ritual, but a deep feeling of gratitude, respect and love towards the ancestors. It paves the way for liberation from one of the three debts of human life (Dev Rin, Rishi Rin and Pitra Rin) and becomes a source of family peace and happiness. Thus, Pind daan is such a sacred duty that connects generations and facilitates the eternal journey of the soul.